COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury patients treated with renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: A multicenter study in São Paulo, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Multicenter studies involving patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with the disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) and treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) in developing countries are scarce. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the demographic profile, clinical picture, risk factors for mortality, and outcomes of critically ill patients with AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-RRT) and with COVID-19 in the megalopolis of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted in the intensive care units of 13 public and private hospitals in the metropolitan region of the municipality of São Paulo. Patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit, aged ≥ 18 years, and treated with RRT due to COVID-19-associated AKI were included. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 375 patients (age 64.1 years, 68.8% male). Most (62.1%) had two or more comorbidities: 68.8%, arterial hypertension; 45.3%, diabetes; 36.3%, anemia; 30.9%, obesity; 18.7%, chronic kidney disease; 15.7%, coronary artery disease; 10.4%, heart failure; and 8.5%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Death occurred in 72.5% of the study population (272 patients). Among the 103 survivors, 22.3% (23 patients) were discharged on RRT. In a multiple regression analysis, the independent factors associated with death were the number of organ dysfunctions at admission and RRT efficiency. CONCLUSION: AKI-RRT associated with COVID-19 occurred in patients with an elevated burden of comorbidities and was associated with high mortality (72.5%). The number of organ dysfunctions during hospitalization and RRT efficiency were independent factors associated with mortality. A meaningful portion of survivors was discharged while dependent on RRT (22.3%).

COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury patients treated with renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: A multicenter study in São Paulo, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Multicenter studies involving patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with the disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) and treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) in developing countries are scarce. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the demographic profile, clinical picture, risk factors for mortality, and outcomes of critically ill patients with AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-RRT) and with COVID-19 in the megalopolis of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted in the intensive care units of 13 public and private hospitals in the metropolitan region of the municipality of São Paulo. Patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit, aged ≥ 18 years, and treated with RRT due to COVID-19-associated AKI were included. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 375 patients (age 64.1 years, 68.8% male). Most (62.1%) had two or more comorbidities: 68.8%, arterial hypertension; 45.3%, diabetes; 36.3%, anemia; 30.9%, obesity; 18.7%, chronic kidney disease; 15.7%, coronary artery disease; 10.4%, heart failure; and 8.5%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Death occurred in 72.5% of the study population (272 patients). Among the 103 survivors, 22.3% (23 patients) were discharged on RRT. In a multiple regression analysis, the independent factors associated with death were the number of organ dysfunctions at admission and RRT efficiency. CONCLUSION: AKI-RRT associated with COVID-19 occurred in patients with an elevated burden of comorbidities and was associated with high mortality (72.5%). The number of organ dysfunctions during hospitalization and RRT efficiency were independent factors associated with mortality. A meaningful portion of survivors was discharged while dependent on RRT (22.3%).

Insuficiência cardíaca refratária em um paciente portador de miocárdio não compactado / Refractory heart failure in a patient with non-compacted myocardium / Insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria en un paciente portador de miocardio no compactado

A não compactação do miocárdio caracteriza-se por excessiva trabeculação e recessos dos ventrículos (usualmente o ventrículo esquerdo), devido à interrupção do processo de compactação das fibras miocárdicas durante a fase embriogênica. Essa anormalidade cursa frequentemente com insuficiência cardíaca, fenômenos tromboembólicos e arritmias cardíacas, conferindo mau prognóstico. Neste artigo descrevemos um caso de um rapaz de 26 anos com insuficiência cardíaca refratária devido a não compactação isolada do miocárdio ventricular esquerdo, que necessitou de transplante cardíaco.

The non-compacted myocardium is characterized by excessive trabeculation and ventricular recesses (usually of the left ventricle) due to the interruption of the myocardial fiber compaction during embryogenesis. This abnormality usually courses with heart failure, thromboembolic phenomena and cardiac arrhythmia, predicting a bad prognosis. We report the case of a 26-year-old male individual with refractory heart failure due to isolated left ventricular non-compacted myocardium that needed a heart transplant.

La no compactación del miocardio está caracterizada por excesiva trabeculación y recesos de los ventrículos (usualmente el ventrículo izquierdo), debido a la interrupción del proceso de compactación de las fibras miocárdicas durante la fase embriogénica. Esta anormalidad cursa frecuentemente con insuficiencia cardiaca, fenómenos tromboembólicos y arritmias cardiacas, presentando un mal pronóstico. En este artículo describimos un caso de un rapaz de 26 años con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria debido a no compactación aislada del miocardio ventricular izquierdo, que necesitó transplante cardiaco.

Refractory heart failure in a patient with non-compacted myocardium.

The non-compacted myocardium is characterized by excessive trabeculation and ventricular recesses (usually of the left ventricle) due to the interruption of the myocardial fiber compaction during embryogenesis. This abnormality usually courses with heart failure, thromboembolic phenomena and cardiac arrhythmia, predicting a bad prognosis. We report the case of a 26-year-old male individual with refractory heart failure due to isolated left ventricular non-compacted myocardium that needed a heart transplant.

Resultados de uma nova técnica para cirurgia do arco aórtico com uso de perfusão encefálica anterógrada bilateral pelo isolamento do tronco braquiocefálico e artéria carótida esquerda / Results of a new technique for aortic arch surgery using bilateral antegrade encephalic perfusion by isolation of brachiocephalic trunk left carotid artery

Fundamentos: perfusão encefálica anterógrada bilateral(PEAB) é o melhor método de neuroproteção nas cirurgias que envolvem o arco aórtico. Objetivos: Analisar os resultados cirúrgicos e em médio prazo da cirurgia no arco aórtico,utilizando a técnica descrita por Carreira et al. Métodos: Avaliaram-seos dados de 16 pacientes operados entre junho2005 e novembro2007 pela seguinte técnica:uso de prótese de dacron de 10mm ou 12mm no tronco braquiocefálico(TBC) para canulação arterial.Clampeamento do TBC permite PCA unilateral durante o isolamento.PEAB começa após remoção do clamp(500-1000ml/min)(50-70mmHg)(20-25ºC).Ao final, a prótese do isolamento é então incorporada à prótese aórtica. Resultados:8 pacientes masculinos,média de idade 59,5+-14,9 anos, 75% hipertensos. Onze operados devido à dissecção aguda e 5 por aneurisma.Médias de tempo de circulação extracorpórea,anóxia,PEA bilateral,PEA unilareral e temperatura na hipotermia foram, respectivamente:175,3+-36,0min, 135,2+-30,7min, 22,4+-3,2ºC,55,5+-20,3min e 9,9+-3,4min.Houve preservação da válvula aórtica em 93,8%; 5 pacientes receberam implante de endoprótese aórtica.Complicações foram: fibrilação atrial-56,3%;insuficiência renal aguda-31,3%;pneumonia e delirium-18,8%mediastinite e paresia temporária-6,3%;e diálise-12,5%.Médias da drenagem, tempo de entubação, permanência hospitalar e CTI foram,respectivamente:1207,2+-600,3ml,17,7+-20,1 hs,14,3+-10,6 diase 6,5+-7,1 dias. Mortalidade em 3 pacientes (18,8%), todos com dissecção aguda. Não aconteceram eventos neurológicos com média de 11,9+-10,2, meses de seguimento. Os parâmetros não apresentaram associção com mortalidade p>0,05.Conclusão: A técnica do isolameto é segura e apresenta bons resultados neurológicos imediatos e tardios.